Introduction
This module introduces the concept of Crew Resource Management (CRM) and Threat Error Management (TEM) enumerates the need for it with the aim to improve cockpit efficiency, optimizing human performance, and reducing human error. Topics include: CRM disciplines, Threat and Error Management, and countermeasures to deal with threats and errors.
TEM/CRM Review
This module reviews key concepts of CRM and TEM and reinforces the key learning from it.
CRM-TEM 1: TEM Countermeasures
TEM countermeasures are techniques that can be employed to protect against a variety of threats. This lesson introduces the five primary categories of TEM Countermeasures.
CRM-TEM 2: Practical TEM
This lesson walks through a flow-chart that demonstrates the potential outcomes when Threats and Errors are, or are not effectively managed.
CRM-TEM 3: Departure & Approach Briefings
Statistically, takeoffs and landings are the most dangerous phases of flight. Departure and Approach planning and briefings are two critical TEM countermeasures.
CRM-TEM 4: TEM Debriefing Checklist & Observable Behaviors
The ability to reflect and critique one’s own performance is an an attribute of excellent aviators. This lesson introduces a Debriefing Checklist that can be used to increase pilots’ self-evaluation skills.
CRM-TEM 5: Communication
Good communication skill enables and enhances all other CRM disciplines. This lesson describes the components of clear, effective communications as a central TEM countermeasure.
CRM-TEM 6: Workload Management
Workload Management helps prevent work overload. This lesson examines the symptoms of overload and the main strategies of avoidance.
CRM-TEM 7: Resource Management
Pilots have many human and information resources available to assist them. This lesson identifies these resources and demonstrates how they can be used to increase the safety and efficiency of flight.
CRM-TEM 8: Situational Awareness
Professional aviators need to see the “big picture” and understand how several factors may impact their flight in the future. This lesson introduces Situational Awareness as one of the essential elements in Threat and Error management.
CRM-TEM 9: Decision Making
Sound decision making skills are critical to flight safety. This lesson provides a systematic approach to determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances.
CRM-TEM 10: Leadership
Cockpit leadership is the exercise of a Crewmember’s rights, obligations, and responsibilities to ensure a safe and successful flight. This lesson discusses the essential features of leadership that aviators need to increase their effectiveness in the cockpit.
CRM-TEM 11: Risk Management
This lesson defines Risk Management, introduces its observable behaviors and analyzes the causes and the potential impact of risks.
CRM-TEM 12: TEM Foundation Skills
This lesson provides a logical flow for routine TEM in flight operations and will prepare learners for the application of TEM principles and CRM disciplines.
CRM-TEM 13: The Error Chain
Learning to recognize the presence of an error chain and break it before serious problems appear is an important part of safe flying. This lesson investigates the sequence of events such as simple mistakes, errors, and intentional violations, that when linked together, can form a dangerous error chain.
CRM-TEM 14: Managing Undesired Aircraft States
There exist different undesired aircraft states, which can affect a pilot’s performance and pose serious threats. This lesson defines and identifies the characteristics of undesired aircraft states, and demonstrates how to avoid and manage these abnormal flight conditions.
Aviation Physiology
This module provides information on medical certification and on aero-medical factors related to flying activities. It further provides information on how environmental and health factors can affect a pilot’s performance, as well as the specific effects of various conditions on vision.
